Social engagement and relationships Archive

Annually, about 790,000 Americans (about 60% women) undergo knee replacement surgery. Women are more likely to have arthritis, the main culprit leading to most knee replacements. Before surgery becomes an option, people first need to try conservative treatments such as pain relievers, injectable medications, and physical therapy. Signs a knee replacement may be necessary include pain that hinders people from doing basic activities, unstable walking, and needing multiple medications to function.

Cuticles hinder germs from entering the nail bed. Dry, cracked, or damaged cuticles may become infected, leading to a red, swollen, painful area around the nail. Mild nail infections can be treated at home, but people should see their doctor if the infection doesn't resolve.

Charcoal toothpastes, marketed as tooth whiteners, contain activated charcoal, an abrasive substance that can help remove surface stains. While safe in small doses, charcoal toothpaste shouldn't be used daily, since it may damage tooth enamel.

A 2024 study found that low-dose aspirin therapy was more effective than taking anticoagulants for reducing the risk of blood clots following a total knee replacement surgery. Aspirin therapy also caused fewer bleeding complications.

Updated guidelines say adults don't need routine testing of vitamin D levels. However, they should aim for daily vitamin D intake of 600 international units (IU) until age 70, and 800 IU after that either through vitamin D-fortified foods or a supplement of up to 1,000 IU.

Eating a plant-based diet that includes a variety of fruits and vegetables has been shown to help lower high blood pressure. A 2024 study has found that these foods may also protect against worsening of chronic kidney disease in people with high blood pressure.

In a 2024 study of 900 dementia-free older adults, those who developed mild cognitive impairment had lower levels of life purpose and personal growth years before a diagnosis, compared with those whose thinking skills remained sharp.

In 2024, the FDA approved a blood test called Shield as a screening method for colorectal cancer. The test detects 83% of colorectal cancers, but only 13% of precancerous polyps. The FDA approval means that now many insurance plans will pay for the test.

Some people find it difficult to meditate, perhaps due to inexperience, stress, or chronic pain. To overcome meditation resistance, it helps to take a meditation class or work with a meditation coach; use a meditation app; meditate in a setting free of interruption; meditate at the same time each day, so it becomes part of a daily routine; and try various meditation styles, such as Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness meditation, or guided meditation, to see which one is most comfortable.

Sometimes mucus secretions in the lungs can persist after someone starts to get better from a chest cold, flu, pneumonia, or COVID. To cope with the problem, experts recommend two approaches. One is doing exercises that clear the lungs, such as a series of breaths and coughs that dislodges mucus. The other approach is doing exercises that strengthen respiratory muscles. An example is diaphragmatic breathing, a type of deep breathing that relies on the diaphragm muscle located below the lungs.